php查看已安装模块,如何查看php安装模块

查看php已安装扩展

执行 $ php -m 命令，就能列出当前PHP加载的所有模块。输出结果分为两部分：[PHP Modules] 和 [Zend Modules]，前者是PHP原生或扩展模块，后者是Zend引擎相关的模块（比如OPcache）。

$ php -m

[PHP Modules]
bcmath
bz2
calendar
Core
ctype
curl
date
dom
exif
fileinfo
filter
ftp
gd
gettext
hash
iconv
igbinary
json
libxml
mbstring
memcached
msgpack
openssl
pcntl
pcre
PDO
pdo_pgsql
pgsql
Phar
posix
readline
redis
Reflection
session
shmop
SimpleXML
sockets
sodium
SPL
standard
sysvmsg
sysvsem
sysvshm
tokenizer
wddx
xml
xmlreader
xmlwriter
xsl
Zend OPcache
zip
zlib

[Zend Modules]
Zend OPcache

从列表来看，这个环境中已经安装了 bcmath、curl、gd、mbstring、memcached、pgsql、redis 等常用扩展，覆盖了数据库、缓存、图像处理等常见需求。

查看安装php相关软件包

如果想知道系统里到底装了哪些与PHP相关的deb包，可以用 dpkg -l | grep 'php' 命令。注意，这个命令会列出所有包名中包含“php”的软件包，包括PHP本身、扩展模块、以及一些第三方库（比如composer、symfony组件等）。

$ dpkg -l | grep 'php'
ii  libapache2-mod-php7.2                                   7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2          amd64        server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (Apache 2 module)
ii  php                                                      1:7.2+60ubuntu1                  all          server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (default)
ii  php-auth-sasl                                            1.0.6-3                          all          Abstraction of various SASL mechanism responses
ii  php-cli-prompt                                           1.0.3+dfsg-1                     all          tiny helper prompting for user input
ii  php-common                                               1:60ubuntu1                      all          Common files for PHP packages
ii  php-composer-ca-bundle                                   1.1.0-1                          all          utility library to find a path to the system CA bundle
ii  php-composer-semver                                      1.4.2-1                          all          utilities, version constraint parsing and validation
ii  php-composer-spdx-licenses                               1.3.0-1                          all          SPDX licenses list and validation library
ii  php-igbinary                                             2.0.5-1build1                    amd64        igbinary PHP serializer
ii  php-json-schema                                          5.2.6-1                          all          implementation of JSON schema
ii  php-mail                                                 1.3.0-1                          all          Class that provides multiple interfaces for sending emails
ii  php-memcached                                            3.0.1+2.2.0-1build2              amd64        memcached extension module for PHP, uses libmemcached
ii  php-msgpack                                              2.0.2+0.5.7-2build1              amd64        PHP extension for interfacing with MessagePack
ii  php-net-smtp                                             1.8.0-1                          all          PHP PEAR module implementing SMTP protocol
ii  php-net-socket                                           1.0.14-2                         all          Network Socket Interface
ii  php-pear                                                 1:1.10.5+submodules+notgz-1ubuntu1.18.04.1 all   PEAR Base System
ii  php-psr-log                                              1.0.2-1                          all          common interface for logging libraries
ii  php-redis                                                3.1.6-1build1                    amd64        PHP extension for interfacing with Redis
ii  php-symfony-console                                      3.4.6+dfsg-1ubuntu0.1            all          run tasks from the command line
ii  php-symfony-debug                                        3.4.6+dfsg-1ubuntu0.1            all          tools to make debugging of PHP code easier
ii  php-symfony-filesystem                                   3.4.6+dfsg-1ubuntu0.1            all          basic filesystem utilities
ii  php-symfony-finder                                       3.4.6+dfsg-1ubuntu0.1            all          find files and directories
ii  php-symfony-polyfill-mbstring                            1.6.0-2                          all          Symfony polyfill for the Mbstring extension
ii  php-symfony-process                                      3.4.6+dfsg-1ubuntu0.1            all          execute commands in sub-processes
ii  php7.2                                                   7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2          all          server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (metapackage)
ii  php7.2-bcmath                                            7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2          amd64        Bcmath module for PHP
ii  php7.2-bz2                                               7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2          amd64        bzip2 module for PHP
ii  php7.2-cli                                               7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2          amd64        command-line interpreter for the PHP scripting language
ii  php7.2-common                                            7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2          amd64        documentation, examples and common module for PHP
ii  php7.2-curl                                              7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2          amd64        CURL module for PHP
ii  php7.2-fpm                                               7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2          amd64        server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (FPM-CGI binary)
ii  php7.2-gd                                                7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2          amd64        GD module for PHP
ii  php7.2-json                                              7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2          amd64        JSON module for PHP
ii  php7.2-mbstring                                          7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2          amd64        MBSTRING module for PHP
ii  php7.2-opcache                                           7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2          amd64        Zend OpCache module for PHP
ii  php7.2-pgsql                                             7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2          amd64        PostgreSQL module for PHP
ii  php7.2-readline                                          7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2          amd64        readline module for PHP
ii  php7.2-xml                                               7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2          amd64        DOM, SimpleXML, WDDX, XML, and XSL module for PHP
ii  php7.2-xsl                                               7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2          all          XSL module for PHP (dummy)
ii  php7.2-zip                                               7.2.15-0ubuntu0.18.04.2          amd64        Zip module for PHP

可以看到，这是一个基于PHP 7.2的环境，除了核心扩展外，还安装了FPM、Apache模块、PostgreSQL驱动、Redis和Memcached扩展、以及一些PEAR和Symfony组件。需要特别留意的是，php7.2-xsl 显示为“dummy”包，说明它只是一个占位符，实际功能由 php7.2-xml 提供。如果遇到类似情况，可以结合 php -m 的输出交叉验证，确保所需扩展确实可用。