用Python开发战舰游戏：玩家与电脑对战教程

本文将指导初学者使用 Python 开发一款简单的战舰游戏，重点讲解如何实现玩家与电脑之间的对战循环。通过创建虚拟战场、部署舰船、以及模拟攻击，最终实现一方击沉对方所有舰船的游戏目标。文中将提供详细的代码示例，并对关键步骤进行解释，帮助读者理解游戏逻辑并完成开发。 ### 1. 游戏框架搭建 首先，我们需要搭建游戏的基本框架，包括定义游戏地图、舰船种类、以及玩家和电脑的角色。 ```python from random import randrange ship_initial = ["B", "C", "F", "A", "S"] ship_names = ["Battleship", "Cruiser", "Frigate", "Aircraft Carrier", "Sub"] map_size = 10 def get_username(): """ function getting username for welcome message """ while True: user_name = input("Enter your name: ") if user_name: print(f"Welcome to the battleship game {user_name}!") return user_name else: print("Please enter your name.") def create_battlefield(map_size): """ function to create a map based on size """ return [["_"] * map_size for _ in range(map_size)] def display_battlefield(board): """ function to display current state of the map. """ for row in board: print(" ".join(row))

这段代码定义了舰船的初始字母和名称，地图大小，创建地图和显示地图的函数。create_battlefield 函数创建一个二维列表，代表游戏地图，初始状态下所有格子都是空的，用 "_" 表示。display_battlefield 函数用于在控制台打印当前的游戏地图状态。

2. 舰船部署

接下来，我们需要实现玩家和电脑各自部署舰船的功能。玩家需要手动输入舰船的坐标，而电脑则随机生成舰船的坐标。

def player_ship_coordinate(player_board, occupied):
    """
    function for player placement ship
    """
    while True:
        try:
            row = int(input("Enter the row for Battleship: "))
            col = int(input("Enter the column for Battleship: "))
            if 0 <= row < 10 and 0 <= col < 10 and (row, col) not in occupied:
                player_board[row][col] = "B"
                occupied.add((row, col))
                break
            else:
                print("Invalid coordinates. Please enter correct value.")
        except ValueError:
            print("Invalid input. Please enter a valid integer.")

    while True:
        try:
            row = int(input("Enter the row for Cruiser: "))
            col = int(input("Enter the column for Cruiser: "))
            if 0 <= row < 10 and 0 <= col < 10 and (row, col) not in occupied:
                player_board[row][col] = "C"
                occupied.add((row, col))
                break
            else:
                print("Invalid coordinates. Please enter correct values.")
        except ValueError:
            print("Invalid input. Please enter a valid integer.")

    while True:
        try:
            row = int(input("Enter the row for Frigate: "))
            col = int(input("Enter the column for Frigate: "))
            if 0 <= row < 10 and 0 <= col < 10 and (row, col) not in occupied:
                player_board[row][col] = "F"
                occupied.add((row, col))
                break
            else:
                print("Invalid coordinates. Please enter correct values")
        except ValueError:
            print("Invalid input. Please enter a valid integer.")

    while True:
        try:
            row = int(input("Enter the row for Aircraft Carrier: "))
            col = int(input("Enter the column for Aircraft Carrier: "))

            if 0 <= row < 10 and 0 <= col < 10 and (row, col) not in occupied:
                player_board[row][col] = "A"
                occupied.add((row, col))
                break
            else:
                print("Invalid coordinates. Please enter correct values")
        except ValueError:
            print("Invalid input. Please enter a valid integer.")

    while True:
        try:
            row = int(input("Enter the row for Submarine: "))
            col = int(input("Enter the column for Submarine: "))

            if 0 <= row < 10 and 0 <= col < 10 and (row, col) not in occupied:
                player_board[row][col] = "S"
                occupied.add((row, col))
                break
            else:
                print("Invalid coordinates. Please enter correct values")
        except ValueError:
            print("Invalid input. Please enter a valid integer.")

    return player_board, occupied

def comp_ship_coordinate(comp_board):
    """
    function for computer opponent.
    """
    for ship in ship_initial:
        while True:
            row = randrange(0, 10)
            col = randrange(0, 10)
            if comp_board[row][col] == "_":
                comp_board[row][col] = ship
                break

    return comp_board

player_ship_coordinate 函数允许玩家输入每艘舰船的坐标，并将其放置在游戏地图上。 comp_ship_coordinate 函数则随机地在电脑的地图上放置舰船。

3. 实现对战循环

现在，我们需要实现玩家和电脑之间的对战循环。在每一轮中，玩家攻击电脑，电脑也攻击玩家，直到一方的所有舰船都被击沉。

def check_player_hit(comp_board, dummy_board, user):
    """
    Function for player hit or missed on enemy ship
    """
    print(user)
    row = int(input("Enter your row: "))
    col = int(input("Enter your col: "))
    hit = 1  # Assume there will be a hit

    if comp_board[row][col] == "B":
        comp_board[row][col] = "b"
        dummy_board[row][col] = "X" # 'X' will signify on the dummy board when a player hits a ship
        print("Computer: Battleship been hit!")
    elif comp_board[row][col] == "C":
        comp_board[row][col] = "c"
        dummy_board[row][col] = "X"
        print("Computer: Cruiser been hit!")
    elif comp_board[row][col] == "F":
        comp_board[row][col] = "f"
        dummy_board[row][col] = "X"
        print("Computer: Frigate been hit!")
    elif comp_board[row][col] == "A":
        comp_board[row][col] = "a"
        dummy_board[row][col] = "X"
        print("Computer: Aircraft Carrier been hit")
    elif comp_board[row][col] == "S":
        comp_board[row][col] = "s"
        dummy_board[row][col] = "X"
        print("Computer: Sub been hit")
    else:
        dummy_board[row][col] = "*"
        hit = 0  # Note that there was not a hit
        print("Missed me!")

    return hit


def check_comp_hit(player_board):                       # Refactored function to map hits and misses
    """
    function for comp hit or missed on the player ship
    """

    hit = 1                                             # Assunme there will be a hit

    while True:                                         # Randomly select a row and column that has not previously been fired upon
        row = randrange(0, 10)
        col = randrange(0, 10)
        if player_board[row][col] != "*" and player_board[row][col] != "a" and player_board[row][col] != "b" and comp_board[row][col] != "c" and comp_board[row][col] != "f" and comp_board[row][col] != "s":
            break

    print("Computer has selected coordinates", row, col)

    if player_board[row][col] == "B":                   # If the computer has hit a vessel, change the value to lowercase and return a hit value of "1"
        player_board[row][col] = "b"
        print("Player: Battleship been hit!")
    elif player_board[row][col] == "C":
        player_board[row][col] = "c"
        print("Player: Cruiser been hit!")
    elif player_board[row][col] == "F":
        player_board[row][col] = "f"
        print("Player: Frigate been hit!")
        hit = 1
    elif player_board[row][col] == "A":
        player_board[row][col] = "a"
        print("Player: Aircraft carrier been hit!")
    elif player_board[row][col] == "S":
        player_board[row][col] = "s"
        print("Player: Sub been hit!")
    else:
        hit = 0                                         # Note that there was not a hit
        print("Missed me!")
        player_board[row][col] = "*"

    return hit

check_player_hit 函数允许玩家输入攻击坐标，并判断是否击中电脑的舰船。如果击中，则在 dummy_board 上标记 "X"。 check_comp_hit 函数模拟电脑的攻击，随机选择坐标并判断是否击中玩家的舰船。

4. 游戏主循环

最后，我们需要将以上所有功能整合到游戏的主循环中。

if __name__ == "__main__":

        user = get_username()

        player_board = create_battlefield(map_size)
        comp_board   = create_battlefield(map_size)
        dummy_board = create_battlefield(map_size) # create a dummy board

        occupied = set()

        print("Player's turn:")
        player_ship_coordinate(player_board, occupied)
        display_battlefield(player_board)

        print("\nComputer opponent's turn:")
        comp_ship_coordinate(comp_board)
        # display_battlefield(comp_board) # for testing purposes
        display_battlefield(dummy_board)  # display the blank dummy board instead of computer board

        # Suggested while loop to alternate between the player and computer firing upon positions

        player_hits = 0 
        comp_hits   = 0

        while True:
            player_hits += check_player_hit(comp_board, dummy_board, user)   # If the player hit count reaches "5" all of the computer's vessels have been sunk
            if player_hits == 5:
                print("Player has won - game over")
                break

            comp_hits += check_comp_hit(player_board)           # If the computer hit count reaches "5" all of the player's vessels have been sunk
            if comp_hits == 5:
                print("Computer has won - game over")
                break


            print(f"Player {user} board")                       # Just included the redisplay of the boards for testing purposes
            display_battlefield(player_board)

            print(" ")

            print("Computer board")
            display_battlefield(dummy_board) # display dummy board instead of computer board

这段代码首先初始化游戏地图和舰船，然后进入主循环。在循环中，玩家和电脑轮流攻击，直到一方的所有舰船都被击沉，游戏结束。

注意事项

• 坐标有效性验证： 在玩家输入坐标时，需要验证坐标是否在地图范围内，以及该坐标是否已经被占用。
• 击沉判断： 需要添加判断舰船是否被完全击沉的逻辑，以便在游戏结束时给出正确的提示。
• 界面优化： 可以使用更友好的界面，例如使用图形界面库，提高游戏的可玩性。

总结

通过以上步骤，我们成功地使用 Python 开发了一款简单的战舰游戏。这个游戏虽然简单，但包含了游戏开发的基本要素，例如游戏地图、角色、规则和循环。通过学习和实践这个项目，可以为进一步学习游戏开发打下坚实的基础。